Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science is a refereed journal publishes research and clinical papers covering all dental specialties, of interest to University Teaching Staff, Dental Researchers, and Dental Practitioners. The primary intention of the Journal is to provide a scientific forum for the researchers of the Faculties of Dental Medicine, University of Al-Azhar. The Editorial Board on behalf of the Journal Executive Board welcomes papers from Dental Researchers of all Egyptian and Arabian Universities Research Centers, as well as from all parts of the world.